Kiln.



PATENTED JAN. 22, 1907.

P. CHMELEWSKI.

KILN.

ION FILED AU APPLIOAT 'SHEETSSHEET l.

n lac W506 Pa Li Z (LY/512w Zewafi'i ED JAN. 22, 1907.

' PATENT P. GEMELEW$KL KILN.

' APPLIOATIQH FILED 176.23, 1906.

, I iwu e n t o e Jim! (1 magma J1? b anon 10130 earnnr -rricn PAULCHMELEWSKI, OF HELSINGFORS. RUSSIA, ASSIGNOR- TO ANNA MATHlLDACHhlELEVSKI, ()ll HELS'INGFORS, FiNLAND, RUSSIA.

KlLN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 22, 1907.

Application filed August23,1906. Se: ial No. 331,761.

- l-lelsingfors, in the county of Nyland, Finland, ltussia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and 1 do declarethe following tobe afull, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same. i

This invention relates to improvements in brick and pottery kilns of thecontinuous type; and it consists in the. construction, combination, andarrangement of devices, hereinafter described and claimed.

The object of the invention is to provide a kiln of this character whichwill be ol simple, durable, wider, and comparatively inexpensiveconstruction and in which a greater munbcr of bricks or the like may bemore perfectly burned than in the kilns now in general use.

The above and other objects, which will appear as the nature of theinvention is better understood, are accomplished bythe constructionillustrated in the accompanying drawings in which- Eigure l is atcp planview, with parts in section, of my improved continuous drying andburning kiln. Fig. .2 is a side or front elevation of a portion oi thesame. Fig.- 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on the planeindicated by the line 3 3 in Fig. 1. l1 igs. 4 and 5 are verticallongitudinal sectional views taken, respectively, on the planesindicated by the lines 4 4 and 5 Sin Fig. 1'. Fig. 6 is an enlargedvertical transverse sectionalview taken on the plane of the line 6 6 inFig. 1, and Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the continuousoperation of the same.

My. improved kiln comprises an inner or center wall 21, an outersurrounding side wall 22, which forms between its iuneriace and thecenter wall a contii'iuous chamber 23, adapted to be temporarilydividedinto separate compartments during the operation of the kiln, thesecompartments in the drawings being numbered consecutively from 1, to

20, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7. The surround- :ing wall 22 preferablyconsists of two straight sides united at their ends by either roundnd orsquare end walls, which spaced from the curls ol' the ccnter or innerwall 21, the latter being of less length than the sides of the outerwall. These walls may be of any form and construction and are built upona suitable foundation, which is preferably housed in or covered, asshown in the drawings. The bricks or other articles to be burned areintroduced into the compartments oi the continuous or endless chamber-3, through door-opening: 24-, formed in the outer wall 22 at suitablepoin adjacent to its bottom, and in the bottom of said well atpointsbetween the filling openings 24 are formed smaller openings 25, throughwhich fuel may be, introduced into the sections or compartments of thechamber 223, as hereinafter described.

After one of the sections or compariments of the chamber 23 has beenfilled with, green bricks or the like its filling-opening 24 is closedby brickwork or masonry, and a fireformed in such brickwork. Theopenings .25 are provided for introducing fuel into the kiln for thepurpose oi' drying the green bricks-that is, removing the moisture fromthem and bringing them to a temperature of about 100 centigrade, atwhich temperature they will not be injured. by the gases from'the bricksbeing subjected to a much will be presently explained. Alter the brickmass in one of the compartments has been suiliciently dried or has beenbrought to the required temperature the fire-openings 25,

holes 31 in the top ccveringof the brick mass, are bricked up or closedby masonry.

The kiln has no pernument top or arch, but each of its sections orcompartments covered with a temporary top 27, which is supported uponthe brick mess 28 after the latter has been placed in position. Thisbrick mass 28 is so made up that spaces or channels are formed betweenthe bricks or opening similar to one of the openings 25 is i also theopenings in the doors 24 and the other articles of which it is composedin or greater heat in. another part of the kiln, as

, combustion from the fuel introduced through ner Wall 21, sov that theheat and productsof combustion will be caused to travel diagoe nallyacross the compartment, as will be seen upon reference to Fig. 6'offthedrae 'ngs. The openin s 31 are adaptedtobe' bricked up or closewhen the fire-Openihgsf are closed, as hereinafter described. In each ofthe top sections 27 are also'forme'd aplurality oi fire openings 32,throughvvhich fuel is introduced into the kiln for the purpose ofproducing a very high temperature in the same and thoroughly burning thebrick mass. These openings are in vertical aline-' ment with suitableopenings or spaces bee tween the bricks or articles in the brick mass28. These openings are provided with removable covers or closures madeof metal, in order that fuel may be introduced through them to produce averyhi htemperature and,- finish the burning of'the ofthekiln'. 7; 1 V

The heat and products oi combustion from the fuel introduced thrpu hthe'open ings 32 and the. gases given "ofi hy thebrick mass from theefiectsof the same upon it are discharged from thev burning-chamber 23-throughoutlet-passages 36, formed in the center orinuer Wall 21,adjacent to its bot tom, and adapted to communicate with alongitudinally-extending smoke-flue 37, also provided. inthe'upperportioofsaid Wall. This smoke-flue may beloeat'ed also'unde'r the center orinner WallfZLalso in the surrounding side wall 22 or under thefurnaceioundaticn. x 1

Suitahly'coneshaped valves 88, o' erated J by rods 39, are arranged inthe smo e-flues 37 and coact With valve-seats 40, provided at the upperends or the. passages. 36",so that the kiln or otherwise,- asabovestated,;'end

extends downwardly and under furnace.

foundation, as shown at 41 inldottd lines in Fig. 3, and then toa.suitablejsmoke-staclg'Z In the center Wall 21ers also provided ma 1holes 43 tojcpermit .ot the cleaning out of the flue 37, an insaid'vvallfarealso provided chambers 01' spaces which, are filled withsand" or the like 44, v'ertic'al passages 45 bei provided in the Wall 2l,to permit of the Introductionof thesand and to permit of the es. capeof gases from said chamber or spaces.

Upon the top of flu-center Wall El is prefer.-

a ly

to the i'uel-op'enings 32, suitable shelves 47.

provided. a track 45, 1 1'pon which cars e run for the purpose ofcarrying fuel heing arrangedin'fthehousing 8 of the kiln ticks in-thatpart1 numbered blocksor. spaces.

. with green bricks.

for the purpose of supporting such fuel above jporary removahlepartitions 50, formed of one or more verticallyremovable plates orsectio'nslof metal or other. material which Willnot be affected by theheat in the kiln. As shown, each of these partitions .50 con sists ofthreeseparate metal plates, and five of such partitions are employed inthe kiln shown. These partitionplates slide ve2i- 85 'tically and areraised and lowered by means of cables, chains, or other flexible connec-I tions passed over pulleys or' blocks 52 in, the'frameegand each havingon'eof its ends attachedte the topjof one of the partitlon il 99 I.sectioiisiand its other .end hanging Within convenient reach of anoperator -or attached tofa' suitable hoisting. mechanism; During theoperation of the kiln these partitions are changed, so that thev searate different com- 5 partments' of the chem er 23, as presentlyexplained. f

The operation ofthe kiln will be readily understoodupon reference toFig. 7 of the drawings, in which the twenty comp'art-' 10o ments orsections of the continuous chamber 23 are diagrammatically representedby the I In Fig.7, 1 denotes thecompartment which is I being filledbrickslalfe being removed. 4, 5, 6,7, and 8 denotethe'compartmentshaving different tem- 'egrte 1.1=, 12, 13, it iaand 16 note l thecompartments which'have gradually-decreasing temperatures and' throughwhich the heat. gases, and products of combustion passfrom the fire inthecompartments 9 1.0, 120.

as indicated by the arrows, to the discharge or outlet in thecompartment 16, which discharge-outlet leads to the smoke-stack 42. 1'7,18, 19, and 20 denote compartments separated by the temporary removablepar-' 12 ti .Lons' and in which green bricks are being dried. by theburning of fuel introduced through; the fire-openings 25 in the sidewall oi tlie' lgiln and the opening in the door, the fire in section 20haying just been started and v 2 denotesthecompart- 1'05 -Ineritthath'as just been ein tied. 3-.denotes thetconipartment from w "oh the.finished o1 :tlieIt-emperaturetherein to-a velg high-11 sense? the firesin the sections 19 18 lTheing each about at day older than the nextadjacent, so that the temperatures in said compartments 1? 18 19 20vary, as indicated. in using the kiln the green bricks or pottery of anyde-.

scription are introduced into oneot the compartments through the door24, and after such compartment is filled the temporary top 27 is termedupon the top of the brick mnssfond the door 24 is closed by masonry,except a. small opening left for outer ti: l in forming the top thell]9--O )onings 32 are orronged at suitable intervals and closed withmasonry, the valve 38 in the outlet of such compartment l)(lllf" closed,and the only on tlet for the smoke and gases from the tire in theopenings at the side oi the compartment and from thelire in the opening,lei t in the door being through the row of openings 31. About four ofthe compartments zu'e'lired from the side at the some time, eachcompertinent being separated by the temporary partitions and s newcompartment is started every day or so. The partition which separatesthe con'ipertincnt that has been thus fired for the longest period isremoved and placed at the opposite end of the row of such sc 'mrutedcompartments in order to form or separate a. new one. T he removal ofone of the partitions opens the compartment which it separates from theothers, so that the bent and gases from the lire introduced into the topof one or more of the compnrtments can circulate through the some andpass tl'irqn h its passage 36 and valve 38 to the smoke-flue 37 and fromthence to the smoke-stuck 42. i

it will be understood that the valve 38 of such compartment opened andthat the valve in the preceding chamber is closed, and the side[ire-openings 25 of such compartment and the opening in the bore 24,also the openings 31, which have been opened to let out smoke and gases,are bricked up or closed when such partition is removed. The fireintroduced into the compartment through the tops of the some circulatesthrough the adjacent chmubers in the direction indicated by the arrowsinl ig. 7 ,snd every. day or so the next adjacent compartment is firedfrom. the top through its tire-holes which have been opened 1) r theremoval of the masonry or bricks which closed them and now fitted withthe metal caps or closures which were hcfore'on the lire-holes in thepreceding compartment. The fire holes where the cops were previouslysituated are now closed with masonry. -On-e or more the compartments maybe fired from the top st the same time.

it will be seen that by first drying out the hrirks and raising them tou t-eu'iprrsturc oi about 300 centigriu'lc in separated compartments hutare tired l'rom the sides the inurihebricks in other compnrtments ofthekiin will not in any way in'ure them, because when they are subjccteto the some by the removal of the partitionstheir temperature will besutliciently high to prevent this. This kiln, which is a combine tion ofthe old drying field-kiln and the wellknown continuous kiln, isexceedingly economical both in construction and operation. The absenceof a permanentarch or top ma.-

teriully lessens the cost of construction, permitting lighter side wallsto be used and also permitting them to be spaced at a greater distanceapart, and it will also be understood that the kiln-walls can be builtconsiderably higher than in arched kilns, so that the capacity of thekiln is materially increased. The mounting of the temporary tops uponthe brick masses in the sections of the kiln permit such tops to drop orlower as the brick masses shrink, thereby preventing the accumulation ofhot air in the spaces in the tops of the compartments, as in the kilnshaving permanent arches. The kiln is econo micsl in operation in that itsmaller qua-ntity of fuel is consumed and a greater number of bricks aresimultaneously burned in a more perfect manner than in the ordinarycontinuous kilns.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings,

the construction, operation, and advantages of the invention will bereadily understood without requiring a more extended explenc tion.

resorted to without departing from the principle orsacrificing any ofthe advantages of the invention as defined by the appended;

claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

Various changes in the form, proportion, -rind the minor details ofconstruction may be 1. A kiln of the character described, comprising oninner welh on outerwall sur' rounding the some nndspoced therefrom toform a continuous chamber, said outer-well having filling-openines andfire-openin s, removable partitions between said ws-fisfor dividing saidcontinuous chamber intosepairote compartments, temporary tops support.-

ed upon brick masses or the like in said' &

eating with said flue,valves for controlling said inlet-passages, anouter surrounding side wall spaced from the center wall to forth acontinuous chamber, said side Wall having to divide said chamber into1ing-openings and fire-openings adjacent to its-bottom,vertically-removable temporary partitions between said center-and sideWalls separate compartments, temporary tops for the compart ments ofsaid chamber supported upon the brick masses or the like therein, saidtops having outlet-openings, fir z-passages mount ed in said to s, andremovable caps or 010- sures-for said fire-passages, substantially asdescribed and for purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 'my hand in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

-' PAUL CHMELEWSKI. Witnesses:

. J. Bases,

J. GJHEDMAN.

